Which of the following accurately describes moderate turbulence?

Moderate turbulence is characterized by erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude of an aircraft, which can create a noticeable sensation for passengers and crew. In moderate turbulence, the aircraft experiences irregular motions that may cause slight variations in altitude and a change in direction, although the control remains manageable for the flight crew.

This type of turbulence is more pronounced than light turbulence but does not reach the intensity levels seen in severe turbulence, which could lead to abrupt changes in altitude and necessitate more extreme corrective measures from the pilots. Understanding the nuances of turbulence categories helps in ensuring safety and passenger comfort during flight. The other options depict scenarios that do not align with the common definitions used in aviation; thus, they do not accurately describe moderate turbulence.