Which document specifies the kinds of operation that a certificate holder is authorized to conduct?

The correct choice is the certificate holder's operations specifications, which are formal documents issued by regulatory authorities such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). These specifications outline the specific types of operations that the certificate holder is authorized to conduct. This includes details on the types of aircraft they can operate, the routes they are permitted to fly, the services they may provide, and any limitations or conditions attached to their operations.

This document serves as a detailed authorization that complements the Air Carrier Certificate or Operating Certificate by providing explicit operational parameters. It is crucial for ensuring compliance with safety and regulatory standards.

In contrast, the application submitted for an Air Carrier or Operating Certificate reflects the intentions and plans of the applicant but does not outline the permissible operations once the certificate is granted. Similarly, the Air Carrier Certificate or Operating Certificate signifies that the certificate holder has met the required safety and regulatory standards to operate but does not specify the types of operations permitted. Therefore, the operations specifications are vital for detailing the operational footprint of the certificate holder.